Jumping genes

Definition

Jumping genes, also known as transposons, are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome. They play a significant role in genetic diversity and evolution.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jumping genes were discovered by Barbara McClintock in maize, earning her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.
2. There are two main types of transposons: DNA transposons and retrotransposons.
3. DNA transposons move directly from one position to another using a 'cut and paste' mechanism.
4. Retrotransposons use an RNA intermediate to copy themselves into new locations via a 'copy and paste' mechanism.
5. Jumping genes can disrupt gene function if they insert themselves within or near essential genes, potentially causing mutations.

Review Questions

• Who discovered jumping genes and what was the significance of this discovery?
• What are the two main types of transposons and how do they differ?
• How can jumping genes affect the genetic makeup of an organism?

Related terms

Transposition: The process by which jumping genes move from one location to another within the genome.

Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can be caused by various factors including transposon insertion.

Genetic Diversity: The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, often increased by mechanisms such as transposition.