Isoprenoids

Definition

Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, are a large class of organic compounds derived from five-carbon isoprene units. They play crucial roles in cellular processes and structural integrity of microbial cell membranes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isoprenoids are built from isoprene units, each containing five carbon atoms.
2. They are essential for the synthesis of vital biomolecules such as cholesterol, vitamins, and hormones.
3. In microbes, isoprenoids contribute to membrane stability and functionality.
4. The biosynthesis pathway of isoprenoids involves the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway.
5. Isoprenoid derivatives include important molecules like ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), which is crucial for electron transport in cellular respiration.

Review Questions

• What are the basic building blocks of isoprenoids?
• Name two pathways involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids.
• Why are isoprenoids important for microbial cell membranes?

Related terms

Cholesterol: A sterol molecule that is a structural component of cell membranes and a precursor for other bioactive molecules.

Ubiquinone: Also known as coenzyme Q, it plays a critical role in the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Terpenes: A large class of organic compounds produced by plants and some insects, composed of multiple isoprene units and often used in traditional medicine and perfumes.