Host range

Definition

Host range refers to the spectrum of host cells that a virus can infect. It is determined by specific interactions between viral proteins and host cell receptors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The host range of a virus can be narrow or broad, depending on the virus's ability to bind to receptors on different types of cells.
2. Mutations in viral genomes can alter the host range, potentially allowing viruses to infect new species or cell types.
3. Host range is a critical factor in determining the epidemiology and potential impact of viral diseases.
4. Some viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade host immune responses, expanding their host range.
5. Understanding host range is essential for developing antiviral treatments and vaccines.

Review Questions

• What factors determine the host range of a virus?
• How can mutations affect the host range of a virus?
• Why is understanding the host range important in virology?

Related terms

Viral Tropism: The specificity of a virus for a particular host tissue, determined by receptor interaction.

Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans, often involving changes in the virus's host range.

Receptor Binding: The process by which a virus attaches to specific molecules on the surface of a potential host cell.