Heart valves

Definition

Heart valves are structures in the heart that regulate blood flow between its chambers and ensure it moves in one direction. They prevent backflow of blood, maintaining efficient circulation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The four main heart valves are the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves.
2. Infective endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves typically caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream.
3. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species are common bacterial pathogens responsible for infective endocarditis.
4. Vegetations formed by bacteria on heart valves can lead to emboli, which may cause serious complications like stroke or organ damage.
5. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis often involves echocardiography and blood cultures to detect bacterial presence.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of heart valves in the circulatory system?
• Which bacterial species are most commonly associated with infective endocarditis?
• What diagnostic methods are used to identify infective endocarditis on heart valves?

Related terms

Endocardium: The inner lining of the heart chambers and surface of the heart valves.

Bacteremia: The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, which can lead to infections like infective endocarditis.

Echocardiogram: A diagnostic test that uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function.