Glycine receptors

Definition

Glycine receptors are inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors located predominantly in the spinal cord and brainstem. They mediate synaptic inhibition by allowing chloride ions to enter neurons, causing hyperpolarization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glycine receptors play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and preventing over-excitation.
2. These receptors are pentameric ion channels composed of alpha and beta subunits.
3. Disruption or mutation in glycine receptor genes can lead to neurological disorders such as hyperekplexia (startle disease).
4. Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor, which increases chloride ion conductance.
5. Many acellular pathogens, like certain viruses, can affect glycine receptor function leading to nervous system infections.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of glycine receptors in the nervous system?
• How do mutations in glycine receptor genes affect neural function?
• In what regions of the central nervous system are glycine receptors most commonly found?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Ion Channel: Protein structures that allow ions to pass through them and are essential for various cellular processes.

Hyperekplexia: A rare neurological disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response due to mutations affecting glycine receptors.