Foscarnet is an antiviral medication used to treat serious viral infections, particularly those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV). It works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, preventing the replication of viral DNA.
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Foscarnet is particularly effective against CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS.
Unlike many other antivirals, foscarnet does not require activation by viral enzymes, making it effective against strains resistant to other treatments.
It is administered intravenously due to poor oral bioavailability.
Foscarnet can cause significant nephrotoxicity, requiring careful monitoring of kidney function during treatment.
Common side effects include electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.
Review Questions
What types of viral infections is foscarnet most commonly used to treat?
Why is foscarnet still effective against some drug-resistant viruses?
What are the primary concerns regarding the administration of foscarnet?