Extrapolymeric substance (EPS)

Definition

Extrapolymeric substances (EPS) are high-molecular-weight compounds secreted by microorganisms into their environment. These substances form a protective and structural matrix around microbial communities, particularly biofilms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. EPS are crucial for the formation and stability of biofilms, which protect bacteria from environmental stress.
2. They primarily consist of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
3. Instruments like electron microscopes can visualize the complex structures formed by EPS in biofilms.
4. Pathogenic bacteria use EPS to evade host immune responses and enhance their virulence.
5. EPS contribute to antibiotic resistance by limiting the penetration of antimicrobial agents into biofilms.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components of extrapolymeric substances (EPS)?
• How do EPS contribute to the pathogenicity of microorganisms?
• Which microscopy technique is often used to visualize EPS structures in biofilms?

Related terms

Biofilm: A complex community of microorganisms adhering to surfaces and embedded in EPS.

Virulence Factors: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to the organism's ability to cause disease.

Electron Microscopy: A powerful imaging technique that uses electrons to achieve high-resolution images of biological specimens.