Enveloped virus

Definition

An enveloped virus is a type of virus that has an outer lipid bilayer membrane derived from the host cell. This envelope contains viral glycoproteins essential for infection.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enveloped viruses are typically more sensitive to environmental factors such as detergents and desiccation compared to non-enveloped viruses.
2. The envelope helps the virus evade the host immune system by mimicking host cell membranes.
3. Viral glycoproteins on the envelope play a crucial role in binding to host cell receptors and facilitating entry into the cell.
4. Common examples of enveloped viruses include Influenza virus, HIV, and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).
5. The viral envelope is acquired during viral assembly when budding through the host's cellular membrane.

Review Questions

• What role do viral glycoproteins play in the function of enveloped viruses?
• Why are enveloped viruses generally more sensitive to environmental conditions than non-enveloped viruses?
• How do enveloped viruses acquire their lipid bilayer?

Related terms

Capsid: The protein shell of a virus that encases its genetic material.

Glycoprotein: Proteins with attached carbohydrate chains found on the surface of the viral envelope which assist in host cell recognition and entry.

Budding: A process by which enveloped viruses acquire their lipid bilayer from the host cell membrane during viral egress.