Enterotoxin

Definition

Enterotoxin is a type of exotoxin produced by bacteria that targets the intestines, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. These toxins are often implicated in foodborne illnesses and gastrointestinal infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enterotoxins are commonly produced by Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.
2. They function by disrupting the normal ion transport in intestinal cells, leading to water loss and diarrhea.
3. Heat-stable enterotoxins can withstand cooking temperatures, making them particularly concerning in food safety.
4. Infections involving enterotoxins often result in rapid onset of symptoms, typically within hours of ingestion.
5. Diagnosis of enterotoxin-related illnesses may involve stool tests to identify the presence of toxin-producing bacteria.

Review Questions

• What types of bacteria are most commonly associated with enterotoxin production?
• How do enterotoxins cause gastrointestinal symptoms?
• Why might heat-stable enterotoxins pose a significant risk in terms of food safety?

Related terms

Exotoxin: A toxic protein released by a microorganism that can cause damage to the host.

Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and stain purple with Gram staining.

Virulence Factor: Any characteristic or component of a pathogen that contributes to its ability to cause disease.