Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

Definition

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a rare but severe viral infection of the brain caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). It is transmitted to humans and horses through the bite of an infected mosquito.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. EEE can cause inflammation of the brain leading to severe neurological damage or death.
2. The primary vector for EEEV transmission is the Culiseta melanura mosquito, which primarily feeds on birds.
3. Symptoms of EEE include high fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsions.
4. There is no specific antiviral treatment for EEE; supportive care in a hospital setting is typically required.
5. The case fatality rate for EEE in humans ranges from 30% to 70%, making it one of the most deadly mosquito-borne diseases in North America.

Review Questions

• What type of organism transmits Eastern equine encephalitis virus to humans?
• List three common symptoms associated with Eastern equine encephalitis.
• Why is there a high mortality rate associated with Eastern equine encephalitis?

Related terms

Arbovirus: A virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks.

West Nile Virus: A virus transmitted by mosquitoes that can cause fever and neuroinvasive disease similar to EEE.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain often caused by viral infections resulting in neurological symptoms.