Dexamethasone

Definition

Dexamethasone is a potent corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties. It is often used to treat inflammation associated with nervous system infections, including those caused by fungal and parasitic pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dexamethasone can reduce brain swelling and inflammation in cases of meningitis caused by fungal infections.
2. It is commonly administered as an adjunctive therapy to improve outcomes in patients with severe parasitic infections affecting the nervous system, such as cerebral malaria.
3. Due to its immunosuppressive effects, dexamethasone must be used cautiously as it can increase susceptibility to secondary infections.
4. In fungal meningitis, dexamethasone can help manage symptoms but should not replace antifungal treatments like amphotericin B or fluconazole.
5. Long-term use of dexamethasone may lead to side effects such as increased blood sugar levels, osteoporosis, and adrenal suppression.

Review Questions

• How does dexamethasone help in managing symptoms of fungal meningitis?
• Why must dexamethasone be used cautiously in patients with parasitic infections of the nervous system?
• What are some potential side effects of long-term dexamethasone use?

Related terms

Amphotericin B: An antifungal medication used primarily for serious systemic fungal infections.

Cerebral Malaria: A severe form of malaria that affects the brain, often requiring urgent medical treatment including antimalarials and supportive care.

Immunosuppressant: A substance that reduces the effectiveness of the body's immune system responses.