Dental calculus

Definition

Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is hardened dental plaque that forms on teeth due to the accumulation of minerals from saliva. It provides a surface for further bacterial colonization and can lead to periodontal disease.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dental calculus is primarily composed of calcium phosphate mineral salts.
2. It forms both above and below the gum line, with subgingival calculus being more pathogenic.
3. The presence of dental calculus can exacerbate gingivitis and periodontitis by harboring pathogenic bacteria.
4. Once formed, dental calculus cannot be removed by brushing or flossing alone; professional cleaning is required.
5. Microbial biofilm in dental calculus includes bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia.

Review Questions

• What is the primary composition of dental calculus?
• How does subgingival calculus affect periodontal health?
• Why can't dental calculus be removed through regular brushing?

Related terms

Periodontitis:

A severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting your teeth.

Gingivitis:

A mild form of gum disease causing irritation, redness, and swelling of your gingiva.

Biofilm:

A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix.