Cryptococcosis

Definition

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, commonly affecting the lungs and central nervous system. It often occurs in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cryptococcosis primarily affects the respiratory system but can disseminate to the central nervous system, causing meningoencephalitis.
2. The primary pathogen responsible for cryptococcosis is Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast found in soil contaminated with bird droppings.
3. Symptoms of pulmonary cryptococcosis include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath; neurological symptoms may include headache, fever, and neck stiffness when it spreads to the CNS.
4. Diagnosis typically involves culture or microscopic examination of respiratory secretions or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and serological tests can detect cryptococcal antigen.
5. Treatment usually requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole for maintenance therapy.

Review Questions

• What are the primary systems affected by cryptococcosis?
• Which microorganism is responsible for causing cryptococcosis?
• What are common diagnostic methods used to identify cryptococcosis?

Related terms

Cryptococcus neoformans: An encapsulated yeast that causes cryptococcosis.

Meningoencephalitis: Inflammation of the brain and its surrounding membranes, often associated with severe infections like cryptococcosis.

Antifungal Medications: Drugs used to treat fungal infections; examples include amphotericin B and fluconazole.