Cryptococcal meningitis

Definition

Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe fungal infection of the central nervous system caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans. It often affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can cross the blood-brain barrier.
2. The primary treatment for cryptococcal meningitis involves antifungal drugs like amphotericin B and flucytosine.
3. Diagnosis typically includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, where India ink staining and cryptococcal antigen testing are used.
4. Cryptococcal meningitis can lead to high intracranial pressure, necessitating therapeutic lumbar punctures to relieve symptoms.
5. Resistance to antifungal drugs in Cryptococcus species is relatively rare but can complicate treatment.

Review Questions

• What is the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis?
• Which antifungal drugs are commonly used in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?
• How is cryptococcal meningitis diagnosed through cerebrospinal fluid analysis?

Related terms

Antifungal Drugs: Medications used to treat fungal infections by targeting fungal cell structures or functions.

Flucytosine: An antifungal drug often used in combination with other medications to treat severe fungal infections including cryptococcosis.

Blood-Brain Barrier: A selective barrier that protects the brain from pathogens and toxins while allowing essential nutrients to pass through.