Clones

Definition

Clones are genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single parent cell or organism. In genetic engineering, cloning is used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or entire organisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cloning involves creating copies of DNA fragments, cells, or entire organisms with identical genetic material.
2. Molecular cloning is a method used to amplify specific DNA sequences and integrate them into host organisms.
3. Plasmids are often employed in microbial cloning as vectors to carry the genetic material into host cells.
4. Restriction enzymes and ligases are crucial tools in the process of cloning for cutting and joining DNA sequences.
5. Cloning can be used in various applications such as gene therapy, agriculture, and the production of pharmaceuticals.

Review Questions

• What is the role of plasmids in molecular cloning?
• How do restriction enzymes and ligases facilitate the cloning process?
• In what ways can cloning be applied in biotechnology?

Related terms

Plasmid: A small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.

Restriction Enzyme: An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Ligase: An enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by forming phosphodiester bonds.