Bleach

Definition

Bleach is a chemical compound typically composed of sodium hypochlorite, used for its disinfectant and antimicrobial properties. It is effective in killing a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bleach works by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, leading to microbial cell death.
2. In microbiology laboratories, bleach solutions are commonly used to sterilize surfaces and equipment.
3. The effectiveness of bleach can be reduced by the presence of organic matter such as blood or dirt.
4. A common concentration for household bleach used in disinfection is around 5.25-6% sodium hypochlorite.
5. Bleach should be diluted properly before use; a typical working solution for disinfection purposes is one part bleach to nine parts water.

Review Questions

• What is the primary active ingredient in most commercial bleach?
• How does bleach kill microorganisms?
• Why must organic material be removed before using bleach as a disinfectant?

Related terms

Disinfectant: A chemical agent used to destroy harmful microorganisms on inanimate objects and surfaces.

Sterilization: The process of making something free from all living microorganisms, including spores.

Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms on living tissues.