Balamuthia

Definition

Balamuthia is a free-living amoeba that can cause a serious infection known as Balamuthia mandrillaris. This pathogen primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Balamuthia mandrillaris was first identified in 1986 from a mandrill baboon.
2. Infection typically occurs through the inhalation of cysts or direct contamination of skin wounds.
3. Balamuthia can infect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
4. Symptoms of GAE include headaches, fever, stiff neck, neurological deficits, and seizures.
5. Diagnosis is often difficult and requires brain imaging techniques and biopsy for confirmation.

Review Questions

• What are the primary ways Balamuthia can infect humans?
• Which part of the nervous system does Balamuthia primarily affect?
• List at least three symptoms associated with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia.

Related terms

Naegleria fowleri: A free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Acanthamoeba: Another genus of free-living amoebae that can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and keratitis.

Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE): A severe brain infection caused by free-living amoebae like Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species.