Bacteriophages have two main life cycles: the lytic cycle, where they destroy the host cell, and the lysogenic cycle, where their DNA integrates into the host genome.
They are used in phage therapy to treat bacterial infections, especially antibiotic-resistant strains.
Bacteriophages contribute to horizontal gene transfer among bacteria through transduction.
They consist of a protein coat enclosing genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA.
Bacteriophages can be isolated from environments rich in bacteria, such as soil or sewage.
Review Questions
What are the two main life cycles of bacteriophages?
How do bacteriophages contribute to genetic diversity in bacteria?
In what ways are bacteriophages utilized in modern medicine?
Related terms
Transduction: A process by which bacteriophages transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another.
Lytic Cycle: The life cycle of a bacteriophage that ends with the destruction of the host cell.
Lysogenic Cycle: The life cycle of a bacteriophage where its DNA is incorporated into the host genome without immediately destroying the host.