Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Definition

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of the normal bacterial flora. It is characterized by an overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria, leading to symptoms such as discharge, odor, and discomfort.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age.
2. Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the most commonly associated bacteria with BV.
3. Risk factors for BV include multiple sexual partners, douching, and a new sexual partner.
4. Diagnosis is often confirmed through a combination of clinical criteria (Amsel's criteria) and laboratory tests such as Gram stain.
5. Treatment typically involves antibiotics like metronidazole or clindamycin.

Review Questions

• What is the primary cause of bacterial vaginosis in terms of microbial imbalance?
• Name one bacterium commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis.
• What are two typical treatments for bacterial vaginosis?

Related terms

Vaginitis: An inflammation or infection of the vagina, which can be caused by bacteria, yeast, viruses, or other pathogens.

Amsel's Criteria: A set of clinical criteria used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis based on symptoms and laboratory findings.

Metronidazole: An antibiotic commonly used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, including BV.