Antimetabolites

Definition

Antimetabolites are a class of drugs that interfere with the normal metabolic processes of cells by mimicking the structure of natural substrates. They are commonly used in chemotherapy and antimicrobial therapy to inhibit cell growth and replication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Antimetabolites work by inhibiting enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, leading to cell death.
2. They specifically target rapidly dividing cells, making them effective against cancer and bacterial infections.
3. Examples include methotrexate, fluorouracil, and sulfonamides.
4. Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, which is crucial for DNA replication and cell division.
5. Resistance to antimetabolites can develop through mutations that alter drug targets or increase the production of natural substrates.

Review Questions

• How do antimetabolites interfere with cellular processes?
• Why are antimetabolites particularly effective against rapidly dividing cells?
• What is one mechanism by which bacteria can develop resistance to antimetabolites?

Related terms

Enzyme Inhibitor: A substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

Sulfonamide: A type of antimetabolite that inhibits folic acid synthesis in bacteria.

Chemotherapy: The use of chemical agents to treat diseases, especially cancer.