Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs)

Definition

Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are autoantibodies that target substances within the nucleus of cells. They are commonly associated with autoimmune diseases and can be detected through blood tests.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ANAs are often used as a diagnostic marker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
2. High levels of ANAs can indicate other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma.
3. The ANA test is not specific to one disease but indicates an autoimmune process is occurring.
4. A positive ANA test requires further testing to determine the exact autoimmune condition present.
5. ANAs can cause inflammation by targeting nuclear components like DNA, histones, and ribonucleoproteins.

Review Questions

• What do high levels of anti-nuclear antibodies typically indicate?
• Which autoimmune disease is most commonly associated with a positive ANA test?
• Why does a positive ANA test necessitate further testing?

Related terms

Autoantibodies: Antibodies produced by the immune system that target and react with an individual's own tissues.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints, including those in the hands and feet.