Alpha toxin

Definition

Alpha toxin is a potent cytolytic toxin produced by certain bacterial species, notably Staphylococcus aureus. It forms pores in the membranes of host cells, leading to cell lysis and contributing to the bacterium's virulence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alpha toxin is primarily produced by Staphylococcus aureus.
2. It functions by forming heptameric pores in the plasma membrane of host cells.
3. Alpha toxin leads to cell lysis and tissue damage, aiding in bacterial infection spread.
4. The gene encoding alpha toxin is known as hla (hemolysin alpha).
5. Alpha toxin can affect various cell types including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and epithelial cells.

Review Questions

• Which bacterial species is known to produce alpha toxin?
• How does alpha toxin contribute to the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus?
• What is the function of the heptameric pores formed by alpha toxin?

Related terms

Hemolysin: A type of exotoxin that lyses red blood cells.

Virulence Factor: A molecule produced by a pathogen that contributes to its ability to cause disease.

Cytotoxin: A substance having a toxic effect on cells.