Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Definition

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a nucleotide involved in energy transfer within cells. It is formed by the removal of one phosphate group from ATP and can be converted back to ATP through phosphorylation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADP consists of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.
2. It is produced during cellular activities that consume energy, such as muscle contraction and biosynthesis.
3. In the presence of ATP synthase and a proton gradient, ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP during cellular respiration.
4. ADP plays a crucial role in metabolism by acting as a low-energy molecule that can be converted into high-energy ATP.
5. The conversion between ADP and ATP is essential for maintaining the cell's energy balance.

Review Questions

• What components make up adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?
• How is ADP converted back to ATP?
• Why is ADP important in cellular metabolism?

Related terms

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells.

Cellular Respiration: The process by which cells generate ATP from glucose and oxygen.

Phosphorylation: The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often used to store or transfer energy in biological reactions.