Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Definition

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium. It is commonly associated with periodontitis and can cause systemic infections including endocarditis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group of bacteria known to cause infective endocarditis.
2. It is often found in the oral cavity, particularly in periodontal pockets.
3. The bacterium produces leukotoxin, which can destroy white blood cells and contribute to disease progression.
4. It can spread from oral infections to the bloodstream, leading to serious systemic conditions.
5. Diagnosis often involves blood cultures and PCR for identification due to its fastidious growth requirements.

Review Questions

• What type of infections can Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cause?
• How does Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans contribute to periodontal disease?
• Why is Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans difficult to diagnose using standard culture techniques?

Related terms

Endocarditis: An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.

Periodontitis: A serious gum infection that damages soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth.

Leukotoxin: A toxin produced by certain bacteria that specifically targets and destroys white blood cells.