14th century England

Definition

14th century England refers to a pivotal period in English history marked by significant social, political, and cultural changes, including the impact of the Black Death and the rise of influential literary figures. This era witnessed the emergence of new ideas in literature, particularly through works like Chaucer's writings and religious texts such as Margery Kempe's autobiography, reflecting the evolving relationship between faith and personal experience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Black Death struck England in 1348, killing approximately one-third of the population and leading to significant social changes.
2. Geoffrey Chaucer is often regarded as the father of English literature, and his work during this period laid the groundwork for the use of vernacular English in literature.
3. Margery Kempe is considered one of the first female authors in English literature, with her autobiography offering insights into medieval spirituality and women's experiences.
4. The 14th century saw the beginning of a shift from feudalism to early forms of capitalism due to labor shortages caused by the plague.
5. Political instability marked this era, particularly with events like the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, reflecting growing tensions between social classes.

Review Questions

• How did the Black Death influence literature and personal narratives during 14th century England?
  • The Black Death had a profound impact on literature and personal narratives in 14th century England by fostering themes of mortality and introspection. Writers like Chaucer incorporated reflections on human suffering and societal change in their works, while Margery Kempe's autobiography expressed a deeply personal response to faith amidst widespread tragedy. This shift allowed for greater exploration of individual experiences within a broader social context shaped by crisis.
• Discuss the significance of Chaucer's contributions to English literature during the 14th century.
  • Chaucer's contributions during the 14th century were significant as he established a foundation for English literature by using vernacular language, which made literary works more accessible to the general public. His use of various genres in 'The Canterbury Tales' showcased diverse voices and perspectives within medieval society. Additionally, his blend of humor, realism, and social commentary set a precedent for future writers in England.
• Evaluate how Margery Kempe's religious experience reflects broader societal changes occurring in 14th century England.
  • Margery Kempe's religious experiences illustrate broader societal changes in 14th century England by highlighting a shift towards personal spirituality and individual interpretation of faith. Her autobiography reveals the complexities of female piety and the challenges faced by women in expressing their spiritual journeys in a patriarchal society. As traditional structures began to falter under the weight of events like the Black Death, Kempe's narrative serves as an important testament to evolving concepts of faith and self-identity during this transformative period.

Related terms

The Black Death: A devastating pandemic that swept through Europe in the mid-14th century, leading to massive population loss and social upheaval.

Chivalry: A social code that emphasized values like honor, bravery, and loyalty among knights, influencing literature and culture during the 14th century.

Lollardy: A religious movement founded by John Wycliffe in the late 14th century that criticized the Catholic Church and advocated for reform.