The Peano Axioms are a set of axioms for the natural numbers, proposed by Giuseppe Peano in 1889. These axioms provide a formal foundation for arithmetic by defining the basic properties of natural numbers, including zero and the successor function. They are crucial in understanding formal arithmetic and Gödel numbering, as they establish the rules that govern the arithmetic operations, which can be encoded using Gödel numbering to create formal proofs.
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