Internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) are specific nucleotide sequences within mRNA that allow for the initiation of translation independently of the 5' cap structure. This mechanism enables ribosomes to bind directly to the mRNA at the IRES location, facilitating protein synthesis even under conditions where cap-dependent translation is inhibited. IRES elements play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, especially in scenarios like viral infections or cellular stress.
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