A square wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform that alternates between two fixed values, typically high and low, with a rapid transition between these levels. This type of waveform is characterized by its sharp transitions and a duty cycle, which defines the proportion of the period that the wave is at its high level compared to its low level. Square waves are significant in the study of periodic functions and their representation through Fourier series, as they can be decomposed into a sum of sine and cosine functions, revealing the harmonics present in the signal.
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