Restoration England

Definition

Restoration England refers to the period in English history that began in 1660 with the restoration of Charles II to the throne after a decade of republican rule. This era was marked by significant cultural, political, and social changes, fostering a revival of arts and literature, including the rise of the novel and periodical essays, alongside a growing interest in satirical works.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration marked the end of the English Civil War period and the return of monarchy after the Interregnum under Oliver Cromwell.
2. Aphra Behn became one of the first professional female writers during this time, significantly influencing the development of the novel and women's representation in literature.
3. Jonathan Swift's satirical works highlighted societal issues and criticized political figures, reflecting the tensions of Restoration England.
4. The period saw a surge in publications, with periodicals becoming an essential medium for sharing ideas and shaping public opinion.
5. Mary Astell emerged as a prominent feminist thinker during this time, advocating for women's education and challenging societal norms.

Review Questions

• How did Restoration England influence the role of women in literature, particularly through writers like Aphra Behn?
  • Restoration England created a cultural environment that allowed women like Aphra Behn to emerge as significant literary figures. With theaters reopening and new literary forms developing, Behn's works showcased female perspectives and experiences. Her contributions not only paved the way for future female authors but also helped to challenge traditional gender roles in society by promoting women's voices in literature.
• Analyze how Jonathan Swift's satirical writings reflect the political and social climate of Restoration England.
  • Swift's satirical writings, such as 'Gulliver's Travels' and 'A Modest Proposal,' serve as sharp critiques of contemporary politics and society in Restoration England. His use of irony and exaggeration highlights the absurdities of government policies and societal norms. By addressing issues such as poverty and political corruption through satire, Swift engages readers in a dialogue about reform and encourages them to question authority.
• Evaluate the impact of periodical essays on public discourse during Restoration England, particularly through publications like 'The Tatler' and 'The Spectator.'
  • Periodical essays significantly shaped public discourse in Restoration England by providing accessible commentary on various societal issues. Publications like 'The Tatler' and 'The Spectator' fostered discussions on morals, manners, politics, and culture among a growing readership. This new form not only influenced individual thought but also helped create a more informed public, highlighting the importance of journalism in shaping modern democratic societies.

Related terms

Theater Restoration: The re-establishment of public theaters in England after the Puritan ban, leading to the emergence of new dramatic forms and the flourishing of playwrights like Aphra Behn and William Wycherley.

Satire: A literary genre that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, society, or institutions, prominently featured in works by Jonathan Swift and others during the Restoration.

Periodical Essay: A new literary form that emerged during the Restoration, characterized by regular publications addressing various social, political, and cultural issues, notably exemplified by 'The Tatler' and 'The Spectator.'