Absalom and Achitophel

Definition

Absalom and Achitophel is a satirical poem by John Dryden, published in 1681, that uses biblical allegory to comment on the political situation in England during the late 17th century. It depicts the rebellion of Absalom against his father, King David, as a metaphor for the political dissent against King Charles II, showcasing themes of power, betrayal, and the consequences of ambition within a neoclassical framework emphasizing reason and restraint.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dryden wrote Absalom and Achitophel as a response to the political turmoil following the Exclusion Crisis, where there was significant conflict over the succession of the English throne.
2. The poem is structured as a dramatic narrative, featuring notable historical figures as characters and providing commentary on their actions and motivations.
3. Dryden's use of heroic couplets throughout the poem exemplifies the neoclassical ideal of formality and balance in poetry.
4. The character of Achitophel represents the traitorous advisor who manipulates Absalom into rebellion, symbolizing the dangers of ambition and treachery in politics.
5. Absalom and Achitophel is considered a seminal work in English satire and influenced later writers by establishing a model for political commentary through literature.

Review Questions

• How does Dryden utilize biblical allegory in Absalom and Achitophel to reflect on contemporary political issues?
  • In Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden employs biblical allegory by paralleling the story of Absalom's rebellion against King David with the political dissent against King Charles II. This method allows Dryden to comment on loyalty, ambition, and betrayal while grounding his critique in familiar scriptural narratives. The allegorical elements enhance the poem’s emotional depth and resonance, making the political commentary more impactful for his audience.
• Discuss the role of satire in Absalom and Achitophel and how it serves to critique specific political figures of Dryden's time.
  • Satire plays a crucial role in Absalom and Achitophel as it enables Dryden to cleverly criticize specific political figures such as Charles II and his advisors. By portraying Achitophel as a manipulative figure who leads Absalom astray, Dryden underscores the theme of deceit within political circles. This satirical approach not only exposes the moral failings of these figures but also invites readers to reflect on the broader implications of ambition and power struggles in governance.
• Evaluate how Absalom and Achitophel embodies the principles of neoclassicism while also innovating within its framework.
  • Absalom and Achitophel embodies neoclassical principles through its use of structured heroic couplets and adherence to classical themes of power and morality. However, Dryden innovates within this framework by blending personal narrative with broader social critique, creating a dynamic interplay between form and content. The poem not only serves as a formal literary work but also as a vibrant reflection on contemporary society, demonstrating how neoclassicism can be adapted to address urgent political realities.

Related terms

Satire: A literary technique used to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms through humor, irony, and exaggeration.

Allegory: A narrative technique in which characters and events symbolize deeper moral or political meanings, often used to convey complex ideas in a more relatable way.

Neoclassicism: An artistic and literary movement that emphasized the use of classical themes, reason, and formal structure, often reflecting ideals of order and restraint.