Government by consent

Definition

Government by consent is the principle that a government's legitimacy and authority arise from the agreement and approval of the governed. This idea emphasizes that rulers must obtain permission from the people they govern to create a just and effective government, promoting the concept of democracy and individual rights. It serves as a cornerstone for democratic societies, advocating that citizens have the right to choose their leaders and influence policies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' was pivotal in popularizing the idea of government by consent during the American Revolution, arguing against monarchical rule.
2. Paine emphasized that legitimate government must be based on the consent of the governed to avoid tyranny and ensure justice.
3. The concept challenges hereditary rule, advocating for a system where leaders are accountable to the people.
4. Paine argued that individuals have a right to revolt against any government that fails to protect their rights and well-being.
5. 'Common Sense' inspired many colonists to question British authority and laid the groundwork for American independence based on principles of democracy.

Review Questions

• How does Thomas Paine's argument in 'Common Sense' support the idea of government by consent?
  • In 'Common Sense', Thomas Paine argues that a legitimate government derives its authority from the consent of its people. He critiques hereditary monarchy, suggesting that it lacks moral legitimacy because it does not involve the approval of those governed. By advocating for a government accountable to the people, Paine lays out a foundation for democracy, urging colonists to reject British rule and establish a system built on consent and representation.
• What implications does government by consent have for the structure of political authority as described by Paine?
  • Paine's notion of government by consent implies that political authority should be derived from the will of the people rather than imposed by force or tradition. This establishes a framework where citizens possess rights and responsibilities, allowing them to influence governance through representation. It shifts power dynamics, suggesting that when a government fails to serve its citizens' interests, they have both the right and duty to challenge or replace it.
• Evaluate how the concept of government by consent has influenced modern democratic thought since Paine's time.
  • Since Paine's time, government by consent has profoundly influenced modern democratic thought, laying foundational ideas for constitutional democracies worldwide. This principle advocates for political equality and accountability, leading to increased citizen participation in governance through voting and civic engagement. Furthermore, it has inspired movements for civil rights and social justice, emphasizing that governments must be responsive to their constituents' needs. The evolution of democratic ideals can be traced back to Paine's arguments, highlighting the enduring significance of consent in shaping contemporary political structures.

Related terms

Social Contract: A theory that individuals give up certain freedoms and submit to authority in exchange for protection of their remaining rights, forming the basis for political legitimacy.

Popular Sovereignty: The doctrine that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.

Natural Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to all human beings, often cited as life, liberty, and property, which governments are created to protect.