Passus

Definition

A passus is a term used to describe a section or division in the poem 'Piers Plowman' by William Langland, akin to a 'step' or 'stage' in the narrative. Each passus serves as a distinct segment that presents a specific theme or moral lesson, contributing to the overall allegorical structure of the work. The use of passus allows for a more organized exploration of complex social, spiritual, and ethical issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The poem 'Piers Plowman' consists of several passus, each focusing on different aspects of Christian morality and societal critique.
2. Langland uses the passus format to structure his allegorical narrative, allowing for shifts in tone and theme as the protagonist encounters various allegorical figures.
3. Each passus typically includes a vision or an encounter that highlights the moral dilemmas faced by society during Langland's time.
4. The first passus introduces the dreamer and sets the stage for the journey towards understanding true Christian values and social justice.
5. As the poem progresses through its passus, Langland emphasizes the importance of community and collective responsibility in achieving a just society.

Review Questions

• How does Langland utilize passus to develop the themes of 'Piers Plowman'?
  • Langland uses passus as a structural device to break down complex themes into manageable sections, each focusing on specific moral or social issues. This approach allows readers to engage with different facets of Christian ethics and societal problems more clearly. By presenting various allegorical figures and scenarios in each passus, Langland invites reflection on individual responsibilities within the community.
• In what ways does the use of passus contribute to the overall allegorical meaning of 'Piers Plowman'?
  • The use of passus enhances the allegorical nature of 'Piers Plowman' by allowing Langland to explore multiple layers of meaning within each division. Each passus acts as a step toward enlightenment, revealing moral truths through encounters with personified virtues and vices. This structure not only facilitates narrative progression but also reinforces the central message about striving for justice and understanding within a flawed society.
• Evaluate how the passus format reflects the social and religious concerns of Langland's time and its relevance to modern audiences.
  • The passus format in 'Piers Plowman' mirrors the social and religious upheaval of 14th-century England, addressing issues such as corruption within the Church and societal inequality. By presenting these concerns through structured divisions, Langland creates a timeless critique that resonates with contemporary readers facing similar ethical dilemmas. The exploration of collective responsibility and moral integrity remains relevant today, prompting modern audiences to reflect on their roles in promoting justice within their communities.

Related terms

Allegory: A narrative technique in which characters and events represent abstract ideas or moral qualities, often used to convey deeper philosophical meanings.

Dream Vision: A literary genre in which the protagonist experiences a dream that reveals truths about life, morality, or society, often serving as a vehicle for social commentary.

Social Critique: An analytical approach that examines and critiques societal structures and issues, often addressing themes such as justice, morality, and human behavior.