Early modern literature

Definition

Early modern literature refers to the body of written works produced between the late 15th century and the early 18th century, a period marked by significant cultural and intellectual change in Europe. This era saw the rise of the printing press, which allowed for greater distribution of literature, and the emergence of various literary forms, including drama, poetry, and prose narratives. Works from this period often reflect themes of humanism, exploration, and individualism, setting the stage for modern literary movements.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Early modern literature includes notable works by authors like William Shakespeare, John Milton, and Aphra Behn, who played crucial roles in shaping English literature.
2. The period is defined by a shift from medieval literature's focus on religious themes to more secular subjects exploring human experience and societal issues.
3. Aphra Behn's 'Oroonoko' is one of the first English novels and addresses themes of race, colonialism, and the complexities of freedom and enslavement.
4. The emergence of printing technology during this time allowed for broader access to literature, contributing to increased literacy rates and the spread of new ideas.
5. Literary forms expanded during this era, with the rise of drama as a prominent genre, exemplified by the works produced for public theaters in London.

Review Questions

• How did early modern literature reflect the cultural changes occurring during its time?
  • Early modern literature reflects significant cultural changes such as the rise of humanism and exploration. Authors began to focus on individual experiences and societal issues rather than solely on religious themes. This shift in perspective can be seen in works like Aphra Behn's 'Oroonoko,' which explores complex themes surrounding colonialism and personal freedom, mirroring the broader cultural shifts of the period.
• In what ways did technological advancements impact the production and distribution of early modern literature?
  • Technological advancements, particularly the invention of the printing press, revolutionized the production and distribution of early modern literature. This allowed for greater accessibility to texts, increasing literacy rates among the populace. As a result, ideas circulated more widely, fostering a rich literary culture where authors like Shakespeare could reach a broader audience and influence contemporary thought.
• Analyze how 'Oroonoko' by Aphra Behn serves as a reflection of early modern literary themes while also challenging societal norms.
  • 'Oroonoko' is significant as it encapsulates key themes of early modern literature such as exploration, identity, and colonialism. Behn challenges societal norms by portraying a noble African prince who faces brutal realities of slavery while also highlighting issues of race and morality. The novel's intricate examination of freedom versus enslavement not only reflects early modern concerns but also critiques prevailing attitudes towards race and imperialism, paving the way for future literary discourse on these complex themes.

Related terms

Humanism: A cultural and intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized human potential and achievements, focusing on classical texts and the value of human experience.

The Enlightenment: An intellectual movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines, influencing literature and philosophy.

Renaissance: A period of renewed interest in art, science, and literature in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, characterized by a revival of classical learning and values.