Howl

Definition

In the context of literature, 'howl' primarily refers to the intense emotional expression found in Allen Ginsberg's poem 'Howl,' which is a landmark work of Beat poetry. This poem captures the struggles and experiences of those marginalized by society, echoing the voices of a disillusioned generation that sought authenticity and freedom against the backdrop of post-war America. The concept of 'howl' embodies the raw, confessional style characteristic of Beat poetry, as well as the broader cultural rebellion against conformity and societal norms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Howl' was published in 1956 and became an iconic manifesto for the Beat Generation, highlighting issues like mental illness, addiction, and sexual liberation.
2. Ginsberg's use of free verse in 'Howl' broke conventional poetic forms, allowing for a more spontaneous and direct expression of feelings.
3. 'Howl' was the subject of an obscenity trial in 1957, which brought attention to censorship issues and ultimately contributed to the poem's fame.
4. The poem opens with a powerful invocation that sets the tone for a collective lament about societal oppression and personal suffering.
5. Ginsberg's 'howl' serves as both a cry for help and a declaration of defiance against mainstream culture, embodying the spirit of rebellion that defined the Beat Generation.

Review Questions

• How does Ginsberg's use of language in 'Howl' reflect the emotional intensity typical of Beat poetry?
  • 'Howl' is rich in visceral imagery and raw emotion, which captures the disillusionment and struggles of its subjects. Ginsberg’s choice of words often evokes strong sensations, allowing readers to connect deeply with the pain, joy, and chaos experienced by marginalized individuals. This emotional depth exemplifies the Beat poetry movement’s focus on authenticity and personal experience.
• In what ways did 'Howl' challenge societal norms during its publication period?
  • 'Howl' challenged societal norms by addressing taboo subjects such as mental illness, drug addiction, and sexual identity. Ginsberg openly critiqued mainstream culture's repression and conformity, advocating for a more liberated lifestyle. The obscenity trial surrounding its publication highlighted the tensions between artistic freedom and societal expectations, marking a significant moment in American literary history.
• Evaluate the impact of 'Howl' on subsequent generations of poets and writers within the context of countercultural movements.
  • 'Howl' had a profound influence on subsequent generations by inspiring poets to embrace confessional styles and address personal and social issues candidly. Its themes of rebellion against societal constraints resonated with later countercultural movements, including those emerging during the 1960s. Writers who followed Ginsberg often incorporated similar elements of spontaneity and emotional honesty into their works, furthering the legacy of the Beat Generation's challenge to conventional literary forms.

Related terms

Beat Generation: A literary and cultural movement in the 1950s that rejected traditional values and embraced spontaneity, exploration of consciousness, and a quest for meaning.

Confessional Poetry: A style of poetry that emphasizes personal experience and emotional intensity, often revealing intimate thoughts and feelings.

Counterculture: A social movement that actively opposes the dominant culture, often advocating for alternative lifestyles, values, and norms.