Hudibras

Definition

Hudibras is a satirical poem written by Samuel Butler, published in three parts between 1663 and 1678. It lampoons the Puritans and their actions during the English Civil War, using humor and verse to critique their moralism and self-righteousness. This work is significant within Restoration literature for its innovative use of the heroic couplet and its engagement with contemporary political themes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hudibras is structured as a mock-epic poem, which means it imitates the style of epic poetry while addressing trivial subjects.
2. The poem’s protagonist, Hudibras, represents the figure of a self-righteous knight who embodies the absurdities of Puritanism.
3. Butler's work employed sharp wit and complex wordplay, making it a challenging yet rewarding read that has influenced later satirical works.
4. Hudibras was popular in its time and has had a lasting impact on English satire, inspiring writers like Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope.
5. The poem reflects the tensions and conflicts of Butler's time, particularly the political and religious divisions following the English Civil War.

Review Questions

• How does Butler use satire in Hudibras to critique Puritanism?
  • Butler employs satire in Hudibras by exaggerating the characteristics of his protagonist, Hudibras, who embodies the absurdity of Puritan values. Through humorous situations and witty dialogue, Butler critiques the self-righteousness and hypocrisy of Puritans during the English Civil War. The mock-epic format allows Butler to highlight the contrast between heroic ideals and the trivial pursuits of his characters, showcasing the folly inherent in their beliefs.
• Discuss the significance of the heroic couplet in Butler's Hudibras and how it contributes to the poem's overall tone.
  • The use of heroic couplets in Hudibras is significant because it aligns with traditional epic poetry while simultaneously subverting its grand themes through satire. Butler's mastery of this form enhances the poem's rhythm and flow, allowing for clever wordplay and pithy commentary on serious subjects. This technique contributes to the overall tone by creating a juxtaposition between high poetic language and lowly subject matter, reinforcing the humor and critique embedded in the text.
• Evaluate how Hudibras reflects the broader socio-political climate of Restoration England and its impact on literature.
  • Hudibras serves as a lens through which we can evaluate the socio-political climate of Restoration England, particularly regarding the legacy of the English Civil War and shifting power dynamics. The poem captures the disillusionment with Puritan rule and critiques both religious fervor and political hypocrisy. Its enduring influence on literature is seen through its ability to inspire future satirists who sought to address contemporary issues through humor. As a result, Hudibras not only shaped Restoration literature but also laid groundwork for future satirical commentary on politics and society.

Related terms

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms.

Heroic Couplet: A pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, commonly used in English poetry, particularly in works of satire and epic poetry.

Restoration Literature: The body of literary works produced during the Restoration period (1660-1700) in England, characterized by a revival of drama, poetry, and prose following the return of Charles II to the throne.