Einstein coefficients are a set of constants that quantify the probabilities of different radiative processes, such as absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission, occurring in an atom or molecule. These coefficients play a crucial role in understanding how light interacts with matter, particularly in the context of laser operation where stimulated emission is a fundamental process. The relationship between these coefficients helps define how populations of energy levels change and influences the coherence and modes of lasers.
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