Pediments

Definition

Pediments are the triangular upper parts of a building, typically found above the horizontal structure of the entablature in classical architecture. They serve as a prominent architectural feature, often used to display sculptures or reliefs that reflect the building's purpose or its cultural significance. Pediments are essential in connecting the architectural design to broader artistic and cultural expressions within Greek art and architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments are commonly found in ancient Greek temples, such as the Parthenon, where they were adorned with intricate sculptures depicting mythological scenes.
2. The design and decoration of pediments were crucial in conveying themes of civic pride, religious devotion, and cultural identity in ancient Greece.
3. In addition to temples, pediments also influenced later architectural styles, including Neoclassical and Renaissance architecture, showcasing their lasting impact on design.
4. The use of pediments extended beyond Greece; they became a significant feature in Roman architecture and were later adapted in various architectural movements worldwide.
5. Different styles of pediments, such as triangular or curved shapes, can communicate varying aesthetic qualities and functional designs within different architectural contexts.

Review Questions

• How do pediments contribute to the overall aesthetic and cultural significance of ancient Greek architecture?
  • Pediments enhance the aesthetic appeal of ancient Greek architecture by providing a visually striking triangular form that draws attention to the building's entrance. They are often adorned with sculptures that depict mythological stories or important figures, which not only serve as decorative elements but also convey cultural values and civic identity. This connection between architecture and sculpture illustrates how pediments are integral to understanding the broader artistic expressions in ancient Greek culture.
• Compare and contrast the use of pediments in ancient Greek architecture with their application in later architectural movements.
  • In ancient Greek architecture, pediments served both structural and decorative purposes, prominently displaying sculptural reliefs that conveyed religious and cultural narratives. In later architectural movements like Neoclassicism, pediments continued to be a significant feature but were often simplified or stylized to fit modern aesthetic preferences. While the thematic content might differ based on the era's values, the underlying importance of pediments in framing and enhancing a building's identity has remained consistent across different styles.
• Evaluate the role of pediments in reflecting societal values and beliefs in ancient Greece and how they influenced subsequent architectural practices.
  • Pediments played a crucial role in reflecting societal values and beliefs in ancient Greece by showcasing mythological narratives, civic pride, and religious devotion through their sculptural decorations. These visual elements communicated shared cultural identities and ideals to both citizens and visitors. As such, their influence extended beyond ancient Greece; subsequent architectural practices adopted and adapted pedimental designs to convey similar messages of identity and meaning in various cultural contexts. This evolution illustrates how architectural features like pediments can serve as powerful symbols that transcend time periods.

Related terms

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Frieze: A decorative band that runs along the upper part of a wall, often embellished with reliefs or carvings.

Sculpture: The art of creating three-dimensional figures or designs, often integrated into architectural elements such as pediments.