Column

Definition

A column is a structural element that typically consists of a vertical shaft and a base, designed to support weight and provide stability to buildings. In Greek architecture, columns are not just functional; they also have aesthetic significance, serving as defining features of architectural styles, particularly in the Doric and Ionic orders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Columns in Greek architecture are classified into three primary orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each with unique characteristics.
2. The Doric column is the oldest and most robust type, often used in temples dedicated to male gods, while the Ionic is more slender and used for temples dedicated to female deities.
3. Ionic columns typically feature intricate scrolls at their capitals, which contrast with the simple design of Doric capitals.
4. The height and proportions of columns can influence the overall aesthetic of a building, with taller columns creating a sense of grandeur.
5. In addition to their structural purpose, columns also symbolize strength and beauty in Greek architecture, often reflecting the values of the society that created them.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the Doric and Ionic column styles in terms of their design features and architectural significance.
  • Doric columns are characterized by their stoutness and simplicity, lacking bases and having plain capitals, making them appear strong and robust. In contrast, Ionic columns are more slender and elegant, adorned with decorative volutes on their capitals. The choice between these styles often reflected the nature of the temple they supported; Doric for masculine deities and Ionic for feminine ones. This distinction illustrates how architectural elements were not only functional but also conveyed cultural values and beliefs.
• Analyze how the design of columns influenced the overall aesthetic of Greek temples.
  • Columns are central to the aesthetic appeal of Greek temples, as their design directly impacts the perception of height, proportion, and harmony in a structure. The use of different column orders allows architects to convey different feelings—Doric columns evoke strength and solidity while Ionic columns suggest grace and refinement. The placement and arrangement of columns can create rhythm within the temple's façade, enhancing its visual impact. Thus, the design choices related to columns greatly influenced how Greek temples were experienced by both worshippers and viewers.
• Evaluate the role of columns in expressing cultural values in ancient Greek society through architectural choices.
  • Columns played a crucial role in expressing cultural values in ancient Greece by embodying ideals of strength, beauty, and order. The choice of column order often signified religious or social significance; for instance, Doric columns communicated power and stability associated with male deities, whereas Ionic columns conveyed elegance linked to femininity. Additionally, the precise proportions and elaborate designs of these columns reflect the Greeks' pursuit of perfection in art and architecture. Through these architectural choices, columns not only served structural purposes but also acted as symbols of identity and belief within ancient Greek society.

Related terms

Doric Order: The Doric Order is one of the earliest and simplest styles of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by sturdy columns with plain capitals and no bases.

Ionic Order: The Ionic Order is a more decorative style of ancient Greek architecture, featuring slender columns with volute (scroll-like) capitals and a base.

Entablature: The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, typically consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.