Tangun

Definition

Tangun, also known as Dangun, is a legendary figure in Korean mythology who is considered the founder of Korea. According to the myth, he was born from the union of Hwanung, a heavenly prince, and a bear-woman, symbolizing the origins of the Korean people. The story of Tangun highlights themes of divine ancestry, nation-building, and cultural identity in the context of Korea's early history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tangun is said to have founded Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom, around 2333 BCE.
2. The myth serves not only as a creation story but also as a source of national pride and identity for Koreans throughout history.
3. The legend of Tangun includes significant elements such as the transformation of a bear into a woman, symbolizing purity and strength.
4. In many versions of the myth, Tangun ascends to heaven after ruling for several decades, illustrating his divine heritage.
5. The story of Tangun has been embraced by various Korean dynasties and has influenced historical narratives about Korea’s origins.

Review Questions

• How does the myth of Tangun illustrate themes of divine ancestry and nation-building in early Korean culture?
  • The myth of Tangun illustrates divine ancestry through his lineage from Hwanung, a heavenly figure, which signifies that the Korean people have a sacred origin. This divine connection not only legitimizes the authority of rulers but also fosters a sense of unity and identity among Koreans. Nation-building is evident in Tangun's establishment of Gojoseon, marking the beginning of Korea as a distinct entity. The myth serves as a foundation for cultural pride and continuity across generations.
• What are some key elements in the Tangun myth that reflect broader cultural values within Korean society?
  • Key elements in the Tangun myth include the transformation of a bear into a woman and the emphasis on purity, strength, and perseverance. This reflects broader cultural values such as resilience in adversity and respect for nature. Additionally, the idea of a unified origin underlines the importance of community and collective identity in Korean society. These elements resonate with traditional values that prioritize familial bonds and national pride.
• Evaluate the impact of the Tangun myth on contemporary Korean nationalism and historical narratives.
  • The impact of the Tangun myth on contemporary Korean nationalism is profound as it provides a foundational story that fosters unity among Koreans. It shapes historical narratives by linking modern Koreans with their ancient past, emphasizing continuity and cultural heritage. This myth has been utilized by various political movements throughout history to reinforce national identity and justify claims to territory and sovereignty. By celebrating Tangun as a symbol of origin, Koreans reaffirm their cultural uniqueness in an increasingly globalized world.

Related terms

Hwanung: Hwanung is the son of the Heavenly Emperor in Korean mythology who descended to Earth to establish order and governance, ultimately leading to the birth of Tangun.

Goguryeo: Goguryeo was one of the ancient Korean kingdoms that claimed descent from Tangun, reinforcing his significance in Korean national identity.

Dangun Wanggeom: Dangun Wanggeom is often referred to as Tangun’s full name, emphasizing his royal lineage and status as a mythological ruler of Korea.