Enfuvirtide

Definition

Enfuvirtide is an antiviral drug used primarily in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It functions as a fusion inhibitor, preventing the virus from entering host cells by blocking the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. This unique mechanism makes enfuvirtide an important option for patients who have developed resistance to other antiretroviral medications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enfuvirtide is administered via subcutaneous injection, typically twice daily, making it less convenient than oral medications.
2. It was the first drug approved in the class of fusion inhibitors in 2003, providing an alternative for patients with limited treatment options.
3. The mechanism of action involves binding to the gp41 protein on the HIV envelope, preventing viral entry into the host cell.
4. Common side effects include injection site reactions, such as pain and irritation, as well as potential allergic reactions.
5. Enfuvirtide is usually used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to enhance overall treatment effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance.

Review Questions

• How does enfuvirtide function as an antiviral medication in the context of HIV treatment?
  • Enfuvirtide works by acting as a fusion inhibitor, which means it blocks the entry of HIV into host cells. It specifically binds to the gp41 protein on the virus, preventing its fusion with the host cell membrane. This mechanism stops the virus from replicating within the host, making it an essential part of treatment for patients who may be resistant to other medications.
• What are some common side effects associated with enfuvirtide and how might they impact patient adherence to treatment?
  • Common side effects of enfuvirtide include injection site reactions such as pain, redness, and swelling. Additionally, some patients may experience allergic reactions. These side effects can impact patient adherence because discomfort from injections or concerns about allergic responses may discourage patients from consistently using this medication as prescribed.
• Evaluate the role of enfuvirtide within the broader framework of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV management.
  • Enfuvirtide plays a critical role within Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) by offering a treatment option for patients who have developed resistance to other classes of antiretrovirals. Its unique mechanism as a fusion inhibitor complements other drugs that target different stages of the HIV life cycle. By incorporating enfuvirtide into ART regimens, healthcare providers can enhance viral suppression and improve patient outcomes, particularly in cases where traditional therapies have failed.

Related terms

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if not treated.

Fusion Inhibitor: A class of antiviral drugs that prevent viruses from entering host cells by inhibiting the fusion of viral and cellular membranes.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): A combination of medicines used to treat HIV infection, aimed at suppressing the virus and improving immune function.