Tonal harmony

Definition

Tonal harmony refers to the system of chord progressions and relationships based on the principles of major and minor scales, creating a sense of tension and resolution within music. This framework is built upon the use of triads and seventh chords, which serve as the building blocks for creating harmonic textures that evoke emotional responses. The interplay between these chords defines the tonal center or key of a piece, shaping the listener's experience through predictable resolutions and functional relationships.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tonal harmony is rooted in Western music theory, primarily developed during the Common Practice Period (1600-1900).
2. Chords in tonal harmony are categorized by their function: tonic (home), dominant (tension), and subdominant (preparation).
3. The use of seventh chords in tonal harmony adds additional color and complexity, making harmonic progressions more interesting.
4. Tonal harmony relies on diatonic chords, which are built from the notes of a specific scale, creating a cohesive sound within a given key.
5. Modulation, or changing keys within a piece, is an important aspect of tonal harmony that enhances emotional expression and musical development.

Review Questions

• How do triads and seventh chords contribute to the overall understanding of tonal harmony?
  • Triads and seventh chords are fundamental components of tonal harmony because they establish the essential harmonic relationships within a key. Triads form the basic building blocks for constructing chords, while seventh chords add richness and depth to these harmonies. Together, they create tension and resolution, allowing composers to craft dynamic chord progressions that guide the listener's emotional journey through the music.
• What role does functional harmony play in establishing chord relationships within tonal harmony?
  • Functional harmony is crucial for understanding how chords interact within tonal harmony. It categorizes chords based on their roles: tonic chords provide stability, dominant chords create tension that seeks resolution, and subdominant chords prepare for movement back to tonic. This framework helps musicians anticipate how music will progress, ensuring that listeners experience a satisfying journey through tension and resolution.
• Evaluate the impact of modulation on the perception of tonal harmony in a musical composition.
  • Modulation significantly enhances the perception of tonal harmony by introducing new key centers and expanding emotional possibilities within a composition. By shifting from one key to another, composers can create contrast and surprise, making the music feel more dynamic and engaging. This technique not only enriches the harmonic palette but also heightens tension and anticipation, allowing for a more profound listening experience as audiences navigate through different tonal landscapes.

Related terms

Triad: A group of three notes that can be stacked in thirds, forming the basic building block of tonal harmony.

Seventh Chord: A four-note chord formed by adding a third on top of a triad, which adds depth and complexity to harmonic progressions.

Functional Harmony: The concept of how chords function within a key, influencing movement toward a tonal center and establishing relationships among chords.