Fifth

Definition

A fifth is an interval that spans five diatonic scale degrees, often considered one of the most consonant and stable intervals in music. In Western music, the fifth can be classified as either a perfect fifth or an augmented fifth, with the perfect fifth being the most common and foundational interval used in harmony. This interval plays a crucial role in the construction of chords, particularly triads and seventh chords, where it contributes to their overall sound and quality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The perfect fifth is the most common type of fifth, and it can be found in both major and minor scales.
2. In a triad, the root note, third, and fifth combine to create the chord's overall sound, with the fifth providing stability.
3. Seventh chords add complexity by including an extra note above the fifth, which can alter the chord's function within a progression.
4. The interval of a fifth can be used to create tension and resolution in harmonic progressions, especially when moving from the dominant chord back to the tonic.
5. When analyzing chords, identifying the fifth helps in determining their inversions and overall voicing.

Review Questions

• How does understanding the concept of a fifth enhance your ability to analyze and construct triads?
  • Understanding the concept of a fifth is essential for analyzing and constructing triads because it forms one of the fundamental building blocks of these chords. A triad consists of a root, third, and fifth, and recognizing how these intervals relate allows musicians to identify the quality of the chord. For example, knowing whether the fifth is perfect or diminished helps determine if the triad is major or minor. This knowledge is crucial when composing or harmonizing music.
• In what ways does the perfect fifth contribute to the harmonic function of seventh chords?
  • The perfect fifth contributes significantly to the harmonic function of seventh chords by providing a stable foundation upon which additional tension can be built. In seventh chords, while the root, third, and seventh create distinct harmonic qualities, the presence of the fifth enhances consonance and supports voice leading. This stability allows for smoother transitions between chords in progressions, making it easier for composers to create effective resolutions.
• Evaluate how the interval of a fifth influences musical tension and resolution in common chord progressions.
  • The interval of a fifth is pivotal in shaping musical tension and resolution within common chord progressions. When moving from a dominant chord (built on the fifth scale degree) back to a tonic chord (the first scale degree), this interval creates a sense of expectation that resolves beautifully into consonance. The interaction between these two chords generates tension that compels listeners toward resolution. Understanding this relationship allows musicians to effectively manipulate dynamics within their compositions, enhancing emotional expression.

Related terms

Perfect Fifth: An interval that consists of seven half steps, creating a consonant sound and is typically represented by the notes C and G.

Triad: A three-note chord formed by stacking two intervals of a third on top of a root note, where the fifth is integral to its structure.

Seventh Chord: A four-note chord that includes a triad plus an additional note at an interval of a seventh above the root, with the fifth continuing to play a critical role in its harmonic function.