Dominant seventh

Definition

A dominant seventh chord is a four-note chord formed by a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh above the root. This chord is crucial in establishing tension that seeks resolution, often resolving to the tonic chord in various chord progressions, making it a fundamental component of tonal music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant seventh chord is typically represented as V7 in Roman numeral analysis, indicating its function as the dominant of the scale.
2. In a C major scale, the dominant seventh chord is G7, consisting of the notes G, B, D, and F.
3. This chord adds emotional weight and anticipation due to its dissonant interval (the minor seventh) that creates a desire for resolution.
4. Common progressions involving dominant seventh chords include the V7-I (dominant to tonic) resolution, which is foundational in Western music.
5. Jazz and blues genres frequently use altered dominant seventh chords for added color and complexity in harmony.

Review Questions

• How does the dominant seventh chord create tension in a musical progression?
  • The dominant seventh chord creates tension through its unique structure that includes a minor seventh interval above the root. This dissonance establishes a strong desire for resolution to the tonic chord. In many musical contexts, this tension is essential as it propels the harmony forward and sets up a satisfying release when resolved.
• Discuss the role of dominant seventh chords in common chord progressions.
  • Dominant seventh chords play a pivotal role in common chord progressions, particularly in establishing a strong pull towards the tonic. For instance, in the progression V7-I, the dominant seventh resolves naturally to the tonic, reinforcing its function as a harmonic anchor. This progression is so fundamental that it appears in countless genres, showcasing its versatility and importance in creating movement within music.
• Evaluate how jazz musicians utilize altered dominant seventh chords differently compared to classical music contexts.
  • Jazz musicians often employ altered dominant seventh chords by modifying certain tones within the chord to create richer harmonies and unexpected resolutions. Unlike classical music that typically adheres to traditional harmonic rules, jazz embraces these alterations to add complexity and expressiveness. This freedom allows jazz compositions to explore new soundscapes while still maintaining the essential tension-and-release dynamic provided by the dominant seventh structure.

Related terms

Tonic: The first degree of a scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in a musical context.

Subdominant: The fourth degree of the scale, often functioning as a precursor to the dominant and leading toward resolution.

Resolution: The process where a dissonant chord moves to a consonant chord, often providing a sense of closure in music.