Decelean War

Definition

The Decelean War refers to the final phase of the Peloponnesian War, lasting from 413 to 404 BCE, marked by increased Spartan aggression and the establishment of a permanent Spartan base at Decelea in Attica. This conflict saw a shift in power dynamics, as Sparta received support from Persia, which allowed them to build a powerful navy and challenge Athenian supremacy at sea.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Decelean War is characterized by the Spartan occupation of Decelea, which disrupted Athenian agricultural resources and morale.
2. During this period, Sparta formed alliances with various city-states discontented with Athenian hegemony, bolstering their military efforts.
3. The involvement of Persia was pivotal; they provided funds for the construction of a Spartan navy that ultimately challenged Athenian dominance at sea.
4. The conflict culminated in a series of battles that led to the eventual surrender of Athens in 404 BCE, effectively ending the Peloponnesian War.
5. The outcome of the Decelean War significantly shifted the balance of power in ancient Greece, leading to a period of Spartan dominance and Athenian decline.

Review Questions

• What strategic advantages did Sparta gain during the Decelean War that contributed to their success against Athens?
  • During the Decelean War, Sparta established a permanent base at Decelea, allowing them to disrupt Athenian supply lines and agriculture. The financial support from Persia enabled Sparta to construct a strong navy, which directly challenged Athens' control over maritime trade and military routes. These strategic advantages combined to weaken Athenian power and morale, ultimately leading to Sparta's victory.
• How did Persian involvement impact the course of the Decelean War and the overall outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
  • Persian involvement significantly altered the dynamics of the Decelean War by providing Sparta with financial resources and naval support. This assistance allowed Sparta to build a fleet capable of contesting Athenian naval supremacy. As a result, Persian backing not only strengthened Sparta's military capabilities but also facilitated alliances with other city-states opposed to Athenian rule, ultimately contributing to Athens' defeat in 404 BCE.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of the Decelean War on Greek politics and society in the years following its conclusion.
  • The Decelean War's conclusion marked a significant shift in Greek politics as Spartan dominance replaced Athenian hegemony, altering power structures across city-states. The war left Athens weakened both militarily and economically, leading to a loss of its influence over allied states. This shift fostered an environment of instability, with various city-states vying for power in a fragmented Greece. Additionally, the reliance on Persian support by Sparta initiated a complex relationship that would shape future conflicts and alliances in the region.

Related terms

Peloponnesian War: A protracted conflict between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies, spanning from 431 to 404 BCE.

Sparta: A prominent city-state in ancient Greece known for its military-oriented society and formidable army, which played a crucial role in the defeat of Athens during the Peloponnesian War.

Persian Support: Refers to the financial and naval assistance provided by the Persian Empire to Sparta during the Decelean War, significantly altering the course of the conflict.