Corinthian Order

Definition

The Corinthian Order is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its slender columns and elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls. It represents the height of architectural refinement and decorative detail, showcasing the evolution of monumental architecture during the Hellenistic period and influencing Roman architectural styles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian Order was first used in the 5th century BCE but became widely popular during the Hellenistic period due to its ornate design.
2. Corinthian columns are typically taller and more slender than Doric or Ionic columns, often standing about 10 times their diameter in height.
3. The elaborate capitals of Corinthian columns are decorated with acanthus leaves and sometimes include additional floral elements, making them highly decorative.
4. The Corinthian Order was extensively adopted by Roman architects, leading to its widespread use in many monumental structures throughout the Roman Empire.
5. Famous examples of buildings featuring the Corinthian Order include the Pantheon in Rome and the Temple of Jupiter Stator.

Review Questions

• How does the Corinthian Order differ from the Doric and Ionic Orders in terms of design and structural features?
  • The Corinthian Order is distinct from the Doric and Ionic Orders mainly in its ornamental complexity and column proportions. While Doric columns are sturdy and simple, emphasizing strength, and Ionic columns feature volutes for a more graceful appearance, Corinthian columns are slender and highly decorative. Their elaborate capitals with acanthus leaves represent an aesthetic ideal that marks a significant evolution in Greek architecture, showcasing a shift towards greater emphasis on decorative details.
• Discuss the historical significance of the Corinthian Order during the Hellenistic period and its influence on Roman architecture.
  • The Corinthian Order gained prominence during the Hellenistic period as a symbol of wealth and sophistication. Its intricate design reflected a cultural shift towards ornamentation in monumental architecture. This style greatly influenced Roman architecture, which adopted and adapted the Corinthian Order in many public buildings, thereby spreading its popularity throughout the empire. The Romans utilized this order to convey grandeur in structures such as temples, basilicas, and triumphal arches.
• Evaluate how the use of the Corinthian Order can be seen as a reflection of societal values and priorities in ancient Greece and Rome.
  • The widespread use of the Corinthian Order illustrates a cultural emphasis on beauty, sophistication, and artistic expression during ancient Greece and Rome. This preference for ornate architectural styles indicates that society valued aesthetics alongside functionality in monumental structures. By showcasing intricate designs that captured natural forms like acanthus leaves, architects not only highlighted their technical skill but also reflected an aspiration towards grandeur that resonated with civic pride, wealth accumulation, and artistic patronage prevalent in these civilizations.

Related terms

Doric Order:

The Doric Order is the oldest and simplest of the classical orders, featuring sturdy, fluted columns with plain capitals, emphasizing strength and functionality.

Ionic Order: The Ionic Order is recognized for its more slender columns and distinctive volutes on the capitals, reflecting a balance between elegance and structural integrity.

Entablature:

The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice, which together create a cohesive architectural element.