Père goriot

Definition

Père Goriot is a novel by Honoré de Balzac, published in 1835, that serves as a quintessential example of realism in literature. It tells the story of Eugène de Rastignac, a young law student who navigates the complex social hierarchies of Paris while being drawn into the world of Père Goriot, an aging father who sacrifices everything for his daughters. This narrative provides profound insights into the social dynamics of 19th-century France, highlighting themes of ambition, class struggle, and the corrupting influence of wealth.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Père Goriot is often considered a foundational work in Balzac's series 'La Comédie Humaine,' which explores French society in detail.
2. The character of Père Goriot embodies the themes of parental sacrifice and the harsh realities of social ambition in a competitive society.
3. The novel critiques the superficial nature of Parisian society, showing how personal relationships are often dictated by economic interests.
4. Eugène de Rastignac's journey reflects the struggle between individual ambition and moral integrity amidst societal pressures.
5. The interactions between Goriot and his daughters illustrate the conflict between familial loyalty and the pursuit of wealth and status.

Review Questions

• How does Balzac use the character of Père Goriot to explore themes of sacrifice and parental love?
  • Balzac presents Père Goriot as a tragic figure who sacrifices his wealth and health for the sake of his daughters' social success. His unconditional love is contrasted with the daughters' eventual betrayal, illustrating the painful reality of sacrifice in a society that values wealth over family ties. This dynamic highlights how parental devotion can lead to personal ruin in pursuit of societal acceptance.
• In what ways does 'Père Goriot' critique Parisian society and its values regarding wealth and ambition?
  • The novel critiques Parisian society by portraying its obsession with social status and material success. Through characters like Eugène de Rastignac, who is enticed by the allure of high society, Balzac reveals the moral compromises individuals make for advancement. The superficial relationships depicted in the novel expose how economic interests often override genuine connections, showcasing a society deeply entrenched in class struggles.
• Evaluate how Balzac’s portrayal of social mobility in 'Père Goriot' reflects broader themes present in both realism and naturalism.
  • Balzac’s portrayal of social mobility in 'Père Goriot' serves as a critical lens through which to assess individual aspirations against societal constraints. The character of Eugène de Rastignac embodies both realism and naturalism; he is driven by ambition yet constrained by his lower social standing. This tension illustrates naturalism's focus on environmental influences while realism showcases the harsh realities faced by those seeking upward mobility. The interplay between personal agency and societal limitations raises questions about the attainability of success within a rigid class structure.

Related terms

Realism: A literary movement that focuses on representing everyday life and society as they are, often highlighting social issues and the struggles of ordinary people.

Naturalism: An extension of realism that emphasizes the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior, often portraying a more deterministic view of life.

Social Mobility: The ability for individuals or groups to move within a social hierarchy, often influenced by factors such as wealth, education, and social connections.