Zeami

Definition

Zeami Motokiyo was a pivotal figure in the development of Noh theatre, known for his contributions as a playwright, actor, and theorist. He shaped the aesthetics and philosophy of Noh, emphasizing the importance of simplicity, subtlety, and emotional depth in performance. His works and teachings laid the groundwork for what would become one of Japan's most revered theatrical traditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Zeami was born in 1363 and was the son of Kan'ami, who was also a significant figure in the early development of Noh theatre.
2. He wrote several influential treatises on Noh, including 'Fushikaden', which outlines his theories on performance and aesthetics.
3. Zeami emphasized the importance of 'yugen', advocating for a performance style that evokes profound emotions through subtlety rather than overt expression.
4. His contributions established a distinct style within Noh that differentiated it from other forms of Japanese theatre, such as Kabuki.
5. Zeami's influence continues to be felt today, as many of his plays are still performed and studied in Japan and around the world.

Review Questions

• How did Zeami's upbringing influence his contributions to Noh theatre?
  • Zeami grew up in a theatrical family; his father Kan'ami was a pioneer of Noh. This environment allowed him to absorb the art form from a young age, shaping his understanding of performance. His close involvement with Noh led him to innovate and theorize about its aesthetics and philosophy, ultimately allowing him to refine its techniques and emotional depth.
• In what ways did Zeami's works shape the principles of Noh theatre that differentiate it from other Asian theatrical forms like Kabuki?
  • Zeami's works introduced the principles of subtlety, simplicity, and emotional resonance that define Noh. While Kabuki is known for its vibrant, exaggerated performances and elaborate staging, Zeami emphasized minimalism and the power of suggestion in Noh. This contrast in style reflects their differing cultural contexts, with Noh aiming for introspection and Kabuki focusing on spectacle.
• Critically analyze how Zeami's concept of 'yugen' contributes to the overall experience of Noh theatre for both performers and audiences.
  • Zeami's idea of 'yugen' enriches Noh theatre by fostering an atmosphere where performers evoke deep emotions through restraint and subtlety. This elusive quality invites audiences to engage with the performance on a more profound level, prompting personal reflection. By prioritizing this aesthetic over direct emotion, Zeami created a unique space where silence and stillness resonate, allowing viewers to interpret the performance through their own experiences.

Related terms

Noh: A traditional form of Japanese theatre characterized by its slow movements, minimalistic staging, and use of masks to convey emotion.

Waki: The secondary actor in Noh theatre who typically plays a supporting role, often serving as a foil to the main character or shite.

Yugen: A key aesthetic concept in Noh that refers to an elusive beauty and depth of emotion that transcends ordinary experiences.