Interlanguage theory

Definition

Interlanguage theory refers to the evolving linguistic system that second language learners develop as they progress towards full proficiency in the target language. This theory highlights the unique set of rules and patterns that learners create, which often include elements from both their native language and the target language, as well as errors that reflect their understanding of language learning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Interlanguage is not a static system; it evolves as learners receive more input and practice in the target language.
2. Learners' interlanguages often reflect systematic errors that provide insight into their developing understanding of language rules.
3. The concept of interlanguage emphasizes that second language learning is an active process rather than a mere imitation of the target language.
4. Factors such as age, motivation, and exposure to the target language can significantly influence the characteristics of a learner's interlanguage.
5. Teachers can use knowledge of interlanguage to better support learners by addressing common errors and tailoring instruction to their developmental stage.

Review Questions

• How does interlanguage theory explain the systematic errors found in a second language learner's speech?
  • Interlanguage theory posits that the errors in a second language learner's speech are not random but reflect the learner's developing linguistic system. As learners attempt to apply rules from both their native and target languages, they create a unique interlanguage that includes these systematic errors. These errors reveal insights into the learner's understanding of the target language and highlight areas where further instruction may be needed.
• Discuss how the phenomenon of fossilization relates to interlanguage theory and its implications for language teaching.
  • Fossilization is closely tied to interlanguage theory as it refers to when certain incorrect forms become entrenched in a learner's interlanguage, hindering further progress towards fluency. This phenomenon implies that certain errors may be difficult to correct without targeted intervention. In language teaching, recognizing fossilized errors allows educators to tailor instruction to address these specific issues, fostering improved language development and preventing stagnation.
• Evaluate the role of input and interaction in shaping a learner's interlanguage, considering its impact on second language acquisition outcomes.
  • The role of input and interaction is critical in shaping a learner's interlanguage because exposure to authentic language use directly influences how learners construct their linguistic rules. High-quality input helps learners notice gaps in their understanding, while interaction provides opportunities for negotiation of meaning. Effective interaction not only reinforces correct forms but also allows for corrective feedback, significantly enhancing second language acquisition outcomes and reducing instances of fossilization.

Related terms

Fossilization: The process by which incorrect language forms become fixed in a learner's interlanguage, making it difficult to achieve full proficiency.

Transfer: The influence of a learner's native language on their second language learning, which can result in positive or negative effects on language acquisition.

Second Language Acquisition (SLA): The process through which individuals learn a language other than their native one, encompassing various stages and strategies for effective learning.