Implicature Examples

Definition

Implicature refers to the implied meanings or suggestions that arise in conversations, which go beyond the literal interpretation of the words used. This concept is rooted in the idea that speakers often convey more information than what is explicitly stated, relying on shared knowledge and context to communicate effectively. Understanding implicature is crucial for grasping how meaning is negotiated and constructed in social interactions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Implicatures can be classified into two main types: conventional implicature, which is tied to specific linguistic expressions, and conversational implicature, which relies on context and shared understanding.
2. An example of conversational implicature is when someone asks if you'd like to join them for dinner, and you respond, 'I have to work late.' This implies you won't join them without directly saying it.
3. Implicature plays a significant role in everyday communication, allowing speakers to convey thoughts indirectly and manage social relationships effectively.
4. Understanding implicature helps in interpreting sarcasm, irony, and humor, as these often rely on the audience recognizing the intended meaning behind the literal words.
5. Failing to recognize implicature can lead to misunderstandings in conversations, as listeners may take statements at face value instead of considering underlying meanings.

Review Questions

• How do conversational maxims relate to the concept of implicature in communication?
  • Conversational maxims are essential to understanding implicature because they provide guidelines that speakers typically follow when engaging in conversations. For instance, when someone violates a maxim—like being overly verbose or ambiguous—it can create room for implicature. By deliberately breaking these rules, speakers can imply additional meanings that listeners must infer based on context and shared knowledge. Thus, the relationship between maxims and implicature lies in how they shape the flow of conversation and influence what is communicated beyond mere words.
• Can you provide an example of conventional implicature and explain its significance?
  • An example of conventional implicature is found in the phrase 'but' which implies contrast. For instance, saying 'She’s smart but she’s not very hardworking' suggests that being smart does not necessarily lead to being hardworking. This type of implicature is significant because it reveals how specific words carry implied meanings that influence interpretation. Recognizing conventional implicatures helps listeners grasp subtle nuances in communication that could otherwise be overlooked, enriching their understanding of interactions.
• Evaluate the impact of misunderstanding implicature on interpersonal communication and relationships.
  • Misunderstanding implicature can have profound effects on interpersonal communication and relationships. When individuals fail to recognize implied meanings or contextual cues, it can lead to misinterpretations and conflicts. For example, if someone interprets a sarcastic comment literally, they might feel offended or hurt, creating tension in a relationship. Additionally, ongoing miscommunication due to neglecting implicature can erode trust and rapport between people. Therefore, acknowledging and interpreting implicatures accurately fosters clearer communication and strengthens social bonds.

Related terms

Conversational Maxims: Rules proposed by Grice that guide how people typically communicate in a cooperative manner, which include maxims of quantity, quality, relation, and manner.

Literal Meaning: The explicit meaning of words and phrases as they are directly expressed without any implied or inferred meanings.

Contextual Meaning: The meaning derived from the surrounding circumstances and background knowledge relevant to a conversation, which helps interpret implicatures.