A confounding variable is an extraneous factor that can influence both the independent and dependent variables in a study, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions about the relationship between them. These variables can mask or exaggerate the true relationship, making it challenging to establish clear causality. Identifying and controlling for confounding variables is essential to ensure that any observed effects are truly due to the independent variable rather than the influence of other factors.
congrats on reading the definition of Confounding Variable. now let's actually learn it.